GRAMMAR: SECOND CONDITIONAL EXERCISE

The second conditional is used to talk about unreal, impossible or unlikely situations. Like the other conditionals, the form of the second conditional contains an IF CLAUSE and the MAIN CLAUSE. The verb in the If Clause is always in the simple past tense. When the If Clause uses to be, it takes form were. The Main Clause always uses the modal verb would be followed by the base form of the verb.

APOLOGIZING: SAYING SORRY

Everyone had ever made mistakes, or at least made  inconveniences to others. For example: you hurt someone’s heart, You broke your friend’s camera, You make noise when others are studying, you come late, etc… What shoud u do when you do those mistakes and inconvenience? Yup! U’re right… You have to say sorry, do apologize.  Sometimes, someone also say sorry to u. As everyone deserves a second chance, then u have to know how to express when you accept the apology.

There are many situations and ways to say sorry and accept apology. As u see in the previous hand outs, usually those situation will be divided into formal, neutral and informal situation. Some refer to Jon Blundell”s book of English Functions. Here are some example of saying sorry or doing apologize:

OFFERING AND RESPONDING HELP

There are some ways to offer helps and to respond them. For example:

• May I help you?
• Can I help you?
• Are you looking for something?
• Would you like some help?

PRESENTING A RADIO PROGRAM

Many teenagers love listening to the radio. They choose different radio program as their favorite. Some programs are talk show, music chart, news, interactive quiz, music request, and others include radio advertisement.

Do you know, it is not easy to be someone behind the microphone or called radio announcer, who present the radio program by managing each minutes of materials and combining all content into one interesting program.

To be a radio announcer, one must have been talkative, well-informed, open-minded, communicative, interactive, and has good voice (one most important part because people listen to his/her voice, not look at his/her appearance). Different voice may be suitable for different listeners, whether teenagers, family, kids, etc and also different programs.

GIVING DIRECTION

Here are the expressions of asking and giving direction, also some phrases to show direction…

How do I get to …? What’s the best way to …? Where is …? Go straight on (until you come to …). Turn back./Go back. Turn left/right (into …-street). Go along …. Cross … Take the first/second road on the left/right It’s on the left/right.. / (to) (on) the right/left of To be (is) located/situated

straight on opposite near next to between at the end (of) on/at the corner (of) across from behind in front of, in back of, in the middle of (just) around the corner traffic lights crossroads, junction signpost

EXPRESSING ANGER & ANNOYANCE

Here some example of expressing anger or displeased and annoyance, summarized from Function in English by John Blundell, 1992: 50. The examples are categorized by the situation: informal, neutral and formal. Here they are:

DESCRIBING THINGS

TASK 1

Answer the following questions based on your opinion.

1)       Do you have favourite stuff like doll, mobile phone, shoes, or other? Give the reason.

2)       Describe about one of your favourite things.

3)       Do you have favourite animal? What are they?

4)       Describe about your favourite animal. Give the reason why do you like it.

LANGUAGE FUNCTION

To describe things or nun, we use adjective can be in the form of adjective clauses.

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

TASK 1

Answer the following questions based on your experiences.

1)       Do you have an idol?

2)       What does he/she look like?

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BASIC COMPETENCE:

8.1 To respond the meaning of simple and short functional oral text (ex: announcement; advertisement, invitation, etc) accurately, fluently and understandable both formal and informal in many daily life contexts

EXPRESSING SURPRISE and DISBELIEF

NEUTRAL	INFORMAL	FORMAL
That’s very surprising. Really? Here? Is she? That is a surprise. What a surprise. Good heavens. That’s amazing/extraordinary. My goodness.	What? No! I don’t believe it! Are you serious? Well, I never! Oh, no! Fantastic! You don’t say. Who’d have thought it? Fancy that. You’re kidding.	I find that very surprising. I must say it surprises me. I find it extraordinary. Indeed? How very surprising. I must say it surprises me.